WebDriver (Selenium 2.0) using Python

The below details describe about the use of WebDriver (Selenium 2.0) using the Python scripting language.

What is WebDriver?

WebDriver is a clean, fast framework for automated testing of web Applications. Selenium WebDriver is the successor to Selenium RC. Selenium WebDriver accepts commands and sends them to a browser. This is implemented through a browser-specific browser driver, which sends commands to a browser, and retrieves results.

WebDriver uses native automation from each language. While this means it takes longer to support new browsers/languages, it does offer a much closer feel to the browser.
Selenium Benefits over WebDriver

• Supports many browsers and many languages, WebDriver needs native implementations for each new language/browser combo.
• Very mature and complete API
• Currently (Sept 2010) supports JavaScript alerts and confirms better

WebDriver Benefits over Selenium

• Native automation faster and a little less prone to error and browser configuration
• Does not Requires Selenium-RC Server to be running
• Access to headlessHTMLUnit can allow really fast tests
• Great API

Client libraries

• Client libraries provide the API to program tests.

·         Supported API implementation exists in:

• Java
• .Net
• Python
• Ruby

Pre-Requisites –

Unlike in Selenium 1, where the Selenium RC server was necessary to run tests, Selenium WebDriver does not need a special server to execute tests. Instead, the WebDriver directly starts a browser instance and controls it.

Python Client Libraries

Python should be installed (Python 3.x is not yet supported)

Python Window (PyWin32)

Setup Tool

Python-Selenium libraries

Python Client Libraries Installation

Python Installation

1) Download the latest version of python “python-2.7.2.msi” from the site http://www.python.org/download/.

2) Run the installer and complete the installation.

Python Window

1) Download the python win “pywin32-214.win32-py2.7.exe” from the site http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/files/.

2) Run the installer and complete the installation.

Setup Tool

1) Download the setup tool “setuptools-0.6c11.win32-py2.7.exe” from the site http://pypi.python.org/pypi/setuptools.

2) Run the installer and complete the installation.

Path Setting –

1) Right click on the My Computer and select Properties.

2) Click on the Advanced tab.

3) Click on the Environment Variables button.

4) Set the below path in “Path” variable under System Variable.

5) Click on OK button

Selenium Installation –

1) Open Command Prompt.

2) Enter the command “easy_install.py selenium”.

3) It will show the below screen.

4) Selenium installation is completed.

For generating Reports –

1) Download the HTMLTestRunner.

2) Copy the “HTMLTestRunner.py” file in Python installation directory (D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages).

    

WebDriver API using Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get("http://www.python.org")
assert "Python" in driver.title
elem = driver.find_element_by_name("q")
elem.send_keys("selenium")
elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
assert "Google" in driver.title
driver.close()

1)  Browser Initialization

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

The selenium.webdriver module provides all the WebDriver implementations. Currently supported WebDriver implementations are Firefox, Chrome, Ie and Remote. The Keys class provide keys in the keyboard like RETURN, F1, ALT etc.

driver = webdriver.Firefox()

The instance of Firefox WebDriver is created

2)  Navigating Application URL

driver.get("http://www.python.org")

The driver.get method will navigate to a page given by

the URL. WebDriver will wait until the page has fully

loaded before returning control to test or script. If

page uses a lot of AJAX on load then WebDriver may not

know when it has completely loaded.

3)  Wait

a) implicitly_wait(time_to_wait)

Sets a sticky timeout to implicitly wait for an

element to be found, or a command to complete.

Example

driver.implicitly_wait(30)

b) set_script_timeout(time_to_wait)

Set the amount of time that the script should wait

before throwing an error.

Example -

driver.set_script_timeout(30)

c) time.sleep(5)

4)  Locating Element

Selenium provides the following methods to locate elements in a page

find_element_by_id

find_element_by_name

find_element_by_xpath

find_element_by_link_text

find_element_by_partial_link_text

find_element_by_tag_name

find_element_by_class_name

find_element_by_css_selector

5)  Buttons

-- Use click method.

HTML –

<input type="submit" name="" value="Log In" class="submitbutton" id="loginbtn" />

Example –

wd.find_element_by_id("loginbtn").click()

wd.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='loginbtn']").cl

ick()

wd.find_element_by_css_selector("#loginbtn").click()

6)  Textboxes

-- Use send_keys method.

HTML –

<input type="text" name="username" id="username" class="textfield" value="">

Example –

wd.find_element_by_id("username").send_keys("test")

wd.find_element_by_name("username").send_keys("test")

wd.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='username']")

                                  send_keys("test")

wd.find_element_by_css_selector("#username")

send_keys("test")

Another Method –

elem = wd.find_element_by_name(("username")
elem.send_keys("selenium")

7)  Link, Images

-- Use click method

HTML –

<li id="nav-login"><a href="https://www.example.com/login.do" title="My account">My Login</a></li>

Example –

Wd.find_element_by_link_text("My account").click()

Wd.find_element_by_xpath("//a[contains(text(),'My

Login')]").click()

8)  Selection

-- Use select method

HTML –

<select name="country">

<option value="01">India</option>

<option value="02">Malaysia</option>

Example –

el = wd.find_element_by_css_selector('select[name=country]')

for option in el.find_elements_by_tag_name('option'):

    if option.text == 'India':

        option.click()

el = wd.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@name='country']")

for option in el.find_elements_by_tag_name('option'):

    if option.text == 'India':

        option.click()

Another Method –

def select_by_text(web_element, select_text):

    """given a web element representing a select object, click the option

    matching select_text

    """

    option_is_found = False

    options = web_element.find_elements_by_tag_name('option')

    for option in options:

        if option.text.strip() == select_text:

            option.click()

            option_is_found = True

            break

elements = wd.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@name='country']")

    select_by_text(elements, "India")

9)  Checkbox

-- Use click method

HTML –

<em class="checker"><input type="checkbox" name="rememberMe" value="1" checked="checked" >Remember me</em>

Example –

wd.find_element_name("rememberMe").click()

wd.find_element_by_xpath ("//input[@name='rememberMe']").click()

10)         Verify text on page

-- In comparison with Selenium 1.0, is_text_present method is not available in WebDriver. So we need to create the method using page_source method –

def is_text_present (brw, string):

    brw.switch_to_default_content()

    if str(string) in brw.page_source: return True

    else: return False

Example –

if (is_text_present(wd,"Account Details")):

    print "Text Present"

11)         New Window

-- Use select_window(self, windowID) method

-- Selects a popup window using a window locator; once a popup window has been selected, all commands go to that window. To select the main window again, use null as the target.

Example

handle=[]

brw.switch_to_default_content()

brw.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@id='print']").click()

time.sleep(15)

handle=brw.window_handles

brw.switch_to_window(handle[1])

brw.close()

time.sleep(2)

brw.switch_to_window(handle[0])

12)         Stop the WebDriver execution

-- Use close () or quit () method

-- The quit will exit entire browser where as close will close one tab, but if it just one tab, by default most browser will exit entirely

Example –

wd.close()

Generate HTML Report using HTMLTestRunner –

Example –

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

import HTMLTestRunner

import unittest, time

class main_script(unittest.TestCase):

    driver = webdriver.Firefox()

    driver.get("http://www.google.co.in")

    def test01_script(self):

        browser=self.driver

        print "Open the google page"

        browser.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys("selenium RC")

        print "Enter the search test Selenium RC"

        browser.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys(Keys.RETURN)

        print "Click on Google Search button"

        browser.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    suite = unittest.TestSuite()

    suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(main_script))

    dateTimeStamp = time.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H_%M_%S')

    buf = file("TestReport" + "_" + dateTimeStamp + ".html", 'wb')

    runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(

            stream=buf,

            title='Test the Report',

            description='Result of tests'

            )

    runner.run(suite)

Report –

  

Example - WebDriver using Python

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import HTMLTestRunner
import unittest, time

def select_by_text(web_element, select_text):
“”"given a web element representing a select object, click the option matching select_text “”"
option_is_found = False
options = web_element.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘option’)
for option in options:
if option.text.strip() == select_text:
option.click()
option_is_found = True
break

class Example1(unittest.TestCase):
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.get(“http://www.mail.yahoo.com”)
def test01_script(self):
browser=self.driver
print “Open the Yahoo Mail page”
print “Enter Username”
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='username']“).clear()
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='username']“).send_keys(“testtest”)
print “Enter password”
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='passwd']“).send_keys(“testtest”)
print “Check the checkbox on remember”
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='persistent']“).click()
print “Click on Submit button”
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//button[@id='.save']“).click()
time.sleep(3)
#if(browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//a[contains(text(),'Close')]“)):
#    print “Close the popup window”
#    browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//a[contains(text(),'Close')]“).click()
time.sleep(3)
def test02_script(self):
browser=self.driver
print “Click on Sign Up button”
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//a[contains(text(),'Create New Account')]“).click()
time.sleep(3)
print “Enter all the user details”
browser.switch_to_default_content()
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='firstname']“).send_keys(“Seltest”)
browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//input[@id='secondname']“).send_keys(“Seltest”)
time.sleep(3)
print “Select Gender from list box”
elements=browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//select[@id='gender']“)
select_by_text(elements, “Male”)
time.sleep(2)
elements=browser.find_element_by_xpath(“//select[@id='mm']“)
select_by_text(elements, “January”)
browser.close()
if __name__ == ‘__main__’:
suite = unittest.TestSuite()
suite.addTest(unittest.makeSuite(Example1))
dateTimeStamp = time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d_%H_%M_%S’)
buf = file(“TestReport” + “_” + dateTimeStamp + “.html”, ‘wb’)
runner = HTMLTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(
stream=buf,
title=’Test the Report’,
description=’Result of tests’
)
runner.run(suite)